Sir Reo Stakis (born Argyros Anastasis) (13 March 1913 28 August 2001) was a ScottishCypriot hotel magnate, longtime head of Stakis Hotels. Grafting and budding are also reproductive techniques used to develop clones, but complete genetic uniformity is not possible unless root stock is part of the parent material. 95 from the children's menu. Afzal. Reo Stakis stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. About Sir Reo 'Argyros' Stakis. 45 2 Used from £33. Stunning country house in 25 acres of grounds, the DoubleTree by Hilton St. I used it to create this family tree for my D&D campaign. Words for family members and other relatives in Māori (Te Reo Māori), a Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand. How to create and organize code for Mermaid flowcharts in Notion and beyond! Step 1: Chart Orientation. 1. Lady Stakis, who died 6 May, 2006, was the widow of the hotel magnate, Sir Reo Stakis. The shooting centre is the Largest sporting clay pigeon range in Scotland consisting of 14 stands each incorporating six to nine different targets from bolting. Staff great. The widow of Sir Reo Stakis, the hotel tycoon, has left a multi-million pound fortune to. . According to 3 people from all over the world, the name Reo means "River". The success of the fete led to the revival of Lilias Day in the 1930s. While no longer situated at one of Glasgow's busiest shopping junctions, the Chevalier continued for a spell at nearby Hope Street. Download this stock image: Hotel entrepreneur Sir Reo Stakis with his wife Anitsa and daughters Ridi (left) and Anastassia (right) receiving a knighthood at Buckingham Palace. The ceremony was in aid of Nordoff and Robbins, the UK’s largest music therapy charity,. • Children between 6 and 12 eat breakfast for £7. 7million will - but left his six children nothing. Printable Family Tree for Kids. History. Reo Stakis Hydro Limited has been running for 9 years. Te reo name gifted to ancient rimu. Parent. God made no less that eight covenants with Abraham (Genesis 12:1 - 3, 7, 13:14 - 17, 15:13. Exact to: this year +/-1 year +/-5 years +/-10 years -Exact. Sketch the tree lightly in pencil. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person’s profile. A classic rags to riches story. Ten years ago Carnegies had a turnover of (pounds. Sir Reo Stakis (born Argyros Anastasis; 13 March 1913 – 28 August 2001) was a Cypriot hotel magnate, longtime head of Stakis Hotels. Build your family tree online ; Share photos and videos ; Smart Matching™ technology ; Free! Get Started. . 1. Mentions to Iris, Danielle, Claire, Ahad, Jose and Simone for looking after us. Many family history sources are now available electronically. Exact to: this year. This brilliant double-page of adverts, complete with period illustrations, comes from the May 1967 edition of a magazine called Glasgow Illustrated - Social. Build your family tree online ; Share photos and videos ; Smart Matching™ technology ; Free! Get Started. This article discusses a method for researching and writing whakapapa (genealogy) based on the symbolism of the tree. The son of famous hotelier and restaurateur Sir Reo Stakis has escaped a driving ban after being caught speeding at 99mph on a motorway. • 9 yr. Family Policy: • Children aged 5 and under eat free from children's menu. Mary I of England. Here is how to make a Mermaid family graph easy to follow. If you have a big family, consisting of over 10 people, our Printable Large Family Tree would be perfect for you. Product Version: Revit Architecture 2008. Print length. You can also drag and drop images of family members to the family tree and customize it further. The Glasgow tycoon had ruled that. The idea came from then governor Jim Blanchard who wanted the tree to grace the capital grounds. Reo Stakis. United Kingdom; Court of Session (Inner House - First Division) 8 Enero 1981. The company was founded by Reo Stakis in the 1930s. Home . You can also import from GEDCOM or FamilyScript format. By the 1960s, he had a chain of thirty restaurants and hotels throughout Scotland. 1928 Illinois, USA. HOTELS entrepreneur Sir Reo Stakis has died after a stroke aged 88, his family said. en-us; Age: 5-6;At the very least, you’ll be presented with two (2) different upsells. Wiki User. The 51-year-old restaurateur had enjoyed a meteoric rise to. Dig a hole deep enough to put the whole tap root in without bending it. A son, Peter, bought one of the stores on the High Street which. "I have four daughters and two sons and they are wonderful. Stakis had also paid for the first (much smaller) Greek Orthodox church in the city, in 1953. Add Reo's family friends, and their friends from childhood through adulthood. How to pick up your download. Vocabulary, grammar and writing practice: family and saxon genitive. Just like with a human family tree, the distance between two variants shows roughly how. Family trees are an excellent resource for filling in gaps in your research or even to simply know. Create your Family Tree. Organize all your information. Sync the family tree builder with your online family site (which has a limit of 250 individuals) Family tree builder premium . Adult dining rates apply for kids 13+. Soft tree fern Cyathea smithii. Stakis, 87, of Tempe, formerly from the Chicago area, passed away January 10, 2005. . The Normandy Hotel is in Renfrew, Scotland. Nootka Cypress. Product Version: Revit Structure 2020. Children's dining rates apply to meals, regardless of the package booked. Fancy going out for your tea? Found this brilliant Reo Stakis ad in a 1974 copy of the Scottish Art. Our genealogy research services are customized to meet your specific needs, and each project is priced individually after speaking with us. Hotel tycoon Sir Reo Stakis has died, aged 88. Stakis said: “I am keen to establish the first Stakis Daycare Nursery in my native Scotland. HOTELS tycoon Sir Reo Stakis rewarded his loyal secretary in his pounds 6. Family chart: * thanks: Shaun MayGustavo MaronatoRyan Hend. com, Reo is listed as a successful Businessman who was born in the year of 1913. ANDROS STAKIS is British and resident in United Kingdom. 2billion two years ago, passed away at his home yesterday. Reo Stakis Dead or Alive? Famous Philanthropist Reo Stakis is still alive (as per Wikipedia, Last update: December, 2018). Our Perthshire hotel was transformed with a stunning £12 million refurbishment. Sir Reo Stakis (born Argyros Anastasis) (13 March 1913 – 28 August 2001) was a Cypriot hotel magnate, longtime head of Stakis Hotels. Light: Full sun to part shade. ! Stakis: "sorely missed". Sir Reo Stakis was a Cypriot hotel magnate, longtime head of Stakis Hotels. Stakis had also paid for the first (much smaller) Greek Orthodox church in the city, in 1953. Last. Casey. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources. Reo Stakis Organization, Inc. Report this profile Report Report. News. Back Submit. Stakis Hotels was a hotel company in the United Kingdom led by Sir Reo Stakis, headquartered in Glasgow. See answer (1) Best Answer. The event, now in its seventh year, was co-hosted by Lulu and recognised and rewarded a wide range of genres within the music. The 51-year-old restaurateur had enjoyed a meteoric rise to. When Vanessa receives the results from her Family Tree DNA test, she discovers a family she didn't know existed and travels to their home for Christmas. Nadine you have a good team there. Between 1962 and 1970, Forte saw net assets grow from about £4m to £73m and by 1985 it was making pre-tax profits of £136m. Andros, 50, son of the late Sir Reo Stakis, shunned one of his old hotels as a reception venue. Sir Reo Stakis (born Argyros Anastasis; 13 March 1913 – 28 August 2001) was a Cypriot hotel magnate, longtime head of Stakis Hotels. Our editable trees are 100% modifiable using a free editing software called Canva. Reo Stakis Hydro Limited is an active company incorporated on 14 April 2014 with the registered office located in Johnstone, Renfrewshire. The Stakis organisation was later sold to the Hilton group for £1. . Mature Size: Shrubby form can grow 25 feet tall; as a tree, to 40 feet. 40am yesterday at the Stirling Royal Infirmary. C. Reo Stakis dies. In the top-left corner, click Print and select OK or Print. 11519 uses. By the 1940s, Stakis was involved in his first restaurant, the Victory in Glasgow, whose affordable prices began to change the way we dined out. More than 3,500 children are cared for at Rainbow House. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. The fundraising campaign supporting the work to redesign Paisley’s museum into a world-class visitor destination is celebrating after passing the milestone of £1m of funding secured. 43w photos and scanned documents. “That. TheFenixKnight. Instead, Sir Reo Stakis, who died in 2001, left £50,000 to his former secretary, Frances Timoney. HBO. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Charlie Parkers, Royal Exchange Square Situated where today’s Di Maggio’s pizza and pasta joint does a roaring trade, Charlie Parkers is rightly. This can be yourself, one of your children, or anyone else in your family. If you are using Notion to create this chart, enter the block menu anywhere in a page (“ trigger: /”) and select “Code". REO STAKIS HYDRO LIMITED is a Private limited company (Ltd. Discover your family history. The company's office may be contacted at Edinburgh on C/o Brodies Llp Capital Square, 58 Morrison Street. Up to 2500 people in the family. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for STAKIS HYDRO LLP of JOHNSTONE. The genetic makeup of cultivars are preserved through asexual. Greg Clark. Discover your family history. Your tree is the best way to store and organize. It was sold to Hilton Group in 2000 for £1. An advert shared here by Lost Glasgow for Reo Stakis Olde Worlde Inns,also formerly located in Cumbernauld near the current Newlands Place in Seafar. Reo K Stallings Nov 6, 1934 - Feb 25, 1997. On Buzzlearn. is SC318137. Reo Stakis - Net Worth, Birthday, Biography, Place of Birth, Date of Birth, Age, Wiki, Facts and Family. Sir Reo opened his first restaurant in Glasgow and developed a chain of hotels that went public in 1972. What a fantastic time we had. 2billion in 1999 and the famous name disappeared from the industry. If your siblings have children, write them in and connect them with lines. 1970. Download and print each of the trees to complete them by hand. This business named Stakis Forestry LLP was established on September 18, 2007 as a Limited Liability Partnership. This tree template for kids includes a child and their siblings (if desired), parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents. S. L. Mumbai 400001 में डिलीवर किया जा रहा है अपना स्थान अपडेट करने के लिए. If you have siblings, draw lines from your mother and father to their names. MR ALEXANDROS REO STAKIS is British and resident in United Kingdom. matua) father: matua, matua tāne, pāpara: mother: kōkara, kowhaea. Hotel decor great. Accounts. Search for your ancestors in genealogies, jiapu and histories submitted by other people. military aircraft. By the. Mart Juur. A Scottish team of urban explorers has posted a video and a plea online to save the contents of an empty mansion. See answer (1) Best Answer. Construction of the hotel was completed in 1973. . Reo Stakis Hydro Limited is an active company incorporated on 14 April 2014 with the registered office located in Johnstone, Renfrewshire. A scene from “The Many Saints of Newark,” which includes younger versions of Junior Soprano (Corey Stoll, back to camera), Livia Soprano (Vera Farmiga, third from left) and Tony Soprano. The tree has other common names, including western birch, red birch, river birch, black birch, and western red birch. When drawing the family tree, always start with you and trace backward as you find your parents, their parents, and so on. 104 and Watt v. Sign in to Ancestry. I see providing high-quality care and pre-school teaching as an extension of my family’s caring. TYCOON Andros Stakis married his air stewardess sweetheart yesterday. Find a Grave, database and images (accessed ), memorial page for Sir Reo Stakis (13 Mar 1913–28 Aug 2001), Find a. It's usually best to start your tree with yourself and work your way backward, adding any names, dates or places you know about your parents and grandparents into your family tree. RICKY Agnew, the man who did for Glasgow's off-licence trade what the late Sir Reo Stakis did for restaurants, has his name above a shop again for the first time in 15 years. Thirty-five years later. Sign up for free with your email, Facebook or Gmail address and access Venngage immediately. Stephanie Christina Stakis found in 4 trees View all. The youngest child and third son of Ned and Catelyn Stark, Rickon is only 6 when his father leaves Winterfell to become the new Hand of the King. He was born on March 13, 1913 and his birthplace is England. My Christmas Family Tree: Directed by Jason Bourque. Pair a wedding photo of a couple with a photo from their 50th anniversary. Family life Fiction companions Fiction: Narrative Themes Fiction: Special Features. If you have family connections in BC, there may be a story waiting for you in the BC Archives. ) company based in GLENTYAN HOUSE BURNTSHIELDS ROAD, United Kingdom, which employs 2 people. Search your ancestors in the #1 European genealogical database. List of French consorts. "The first tree came from Sault Ste. Storekeeper in Charleston, S. In the early to late 1960s, figures such as Cypriot restaurateur Reo Stakis introduced restaurants with a focus on quality food and far from extravagant prices, and in doing so, encouraged both. While Sir Elton wasn’t there is person, he delivered a video message dedicated to his. Many of which, with just the sight of their name, will bring the memories flooding. Ponga or silver fern, Cyathea dealbata. xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (1901-xxxx ) Spouse. It is on the A8 road, near Glasgow Airport. Jack Webster tells the story of Reo Stakis life: his childhood in Cyprus, family life and early business successes. He is also ranked in the richest person list from England. You may be surprised at how quickly you can find ancestors you. "I have four daughters and two sons and they are wonderful. 6m in her. By the. Family tree of the Greek gods. Log in Sections. 10 March 2022. com. Genealogy profile for Lady Annitsa Stakis Lady Annitsa Stakis (Petropoulos) (c. Please Log in or Register or post as a guest. Since then. . 05 June 1998Stakis son faces compulsory purchase threat. (Argiros Anastasis) 1913 - 2001. A tree derived vegetatively from one parent, thereby being genetically identical to the parent tree. In real estate, REO is the acronym for 'Real Estate Owned". Boost . 2001) Apr 10 Steven Nagy, American bowler (first televised perfect game [300}, 1954; ABC Hall of Fame 1963), born in Shoaf, Pennsylvania (d. Founded in 2007, Reo Stakis, classified under reg no. The couple opted for a get-together. THE daughter of tycoon Sir Reo Stakis is set to make more than pounds 1million by selling a Scots hotel she bought just four years ago. Speedwagon, but then they meet a strange Italian man. . S. 1938), of Charlbury, and Joanna Weinberg, one of the three daughters of Sir Mark Aubrey Weinberg, Knt (1987) (b. Start your family tree by entering your name on the left. He was born in Kato Drys, Cyprus 13 March 1913 and left for Great Britain in 1928, aged 14. This person was born in April 1956, which was over 66 years ago. [1] [2] History[edit] The hotel opened as Stakis Normandy Hotel. Jack Webster tells the story of Reo Stakis life: his childhood in Cyprus, family life and early business successes. Andrew's Drive. As it covers a few generations, your kids can have fun learning about them with this template. Reo stood down as managing director of Stakis in the 1970s, though he was president until 1999, when it was bought by the Hilton Group. RESULTS FOR 2009 Ranking: 1,477= Worth: £38m Down: £2m Source of wealth: Hotels and inheritance In 2006, Annitsa, the widow of Sir Reo Stakis, died, leaving £6. SIR REO STAKIS is British and resident in United Kingdom. On the other hand, using a family tree maker solves that issue. First. You. 10. We encourage you to research and examine these. ; owner, chairman and CTO of X Corp. Tree Surgeons in Johnstone. Free company director check. Marie Louise Duchess of Parma1791–1847. Napoleon I Emperor of the French1769–1821r. SIR REO STAKIS, who has died aged 88, arrived in Britain from Cyprus in 1928 with a suitcase of his mother's lace to sell; over the next 70 years he built an empire of hotels, health clubs and casinos which in 1999 was sold to Ladbrokes for £1. Thanks for contributing. Search BC Foreclosures (foreclosed homes / properties), known as court order sales. Geni's World Family Tree connects 1 8 4, 0 8 0, 5 3 4 people worldwide and counting, including: Antti Isotalo (Hanhimäki) Martti Ahtisaari, 10th President of Finland. History. Common Name. [1] [2] History[edit] The hotel opened as Stakis Normandy Hotel. SIR Elton John and The Who have won at the Specsavers Scottish Music Awards – along with the manager of the Barrowland Ballroom. Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima. Thousands. THE widow of hotel tycoon Sir Reo Stakis has ignored her husband's dying wish and shared his fortune with their six children. 40am yesterday at the Stirling Royal Infirmary. family tree. It borders Bearsden (in East Dunbartonshire) to the north-east and Drumry (part of Clydebank, in West Dunbartonshire) to the south-west, as well as Blairdardie, Garscadden, Knightswood and Yoker in Glasgow to the south;. What are your memories of Cumbernauld’s Stakis pub and restaurant. The firm reg. 2 billion. for a time, before moving to Pittsburgh, Pa. Each person you invite will need a new link. Your Homebased Mom. Currently registered at Glentyan House Burntshields Road PA10 2PA, Johnstone the company has been in the business for sixteen years. Second, for a not-so-modest $247, you can have a 1-on-1 Product Feedback Session. The multi-millionaire was just 14-years-old when he set sail from his native Cyprus in 1928 with only pounds 50 and two suitcases filled with lace from his mother. Don't know your password? Sign up for free. The Leyland cypress tree does best in a spot that gets full sun and can also grow in a location that gets shifting shade during the day, but is not a good choice for a fully shaded spot. Ridi Stakis-Christie is in line for a 100 per cent profit with the sale of the luxurious Cairn Lodge Hotel in Auchterarder, Perthshire. 2 billion in 1999. Skip Ancestry navigation. FitzAlan Family, Earls of Arundel and their relationship to the Stuarts. It was the yuppie era of ‘loadsamoney’ when the £5 million Stakis Earl Grey hotel and adjacent Stakis Regency Casino opened at the city’s waterfront in autumn 1987. RENFREWSHIRE Council is threatening legal action against the son of hotel and casino magnate, Reo Stakis, over a listed building on his. Learn More: Thought Co. Stakis Family History Stakis Name Meaning Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Two of my daughters are married and my second grandchild is. 17 EDT Sir Reo Stakis, who has died aged 88, swapped his Cyprus home for Scotland and became one of the island's most wealthy. The Library's collections offer a wealth of resources to the Australian family historian. MR ALEXANDROS REO STAKIS is British and resident in United Kingdom. A Scots-born businessman who was on the FBI's Most Wanted list after going on the run for five years has been sentenced to two years in prison for carrying out a £480,000 luxury car scam. Regional Interagency Executive Committee (RIEC) Memorandum transmitting Amendments to Survey and Manage Management Recommendations Designed to Facilitate Certain National Fire Plan Activities – Second. [1] Following the sale, many of the Stakis top personnel were retained by Hilton and took some of the senior positions within the company including Sir David Michels the then CEO of Stakis, who went on to become Chief. View sales history, tax history, home value. 2 billion. A few years earlier, with Reo’s son at the helm, the company had teetered on the edge of bankruptcy, but it sold for £1. Happy family illustration. 9 Aug 1931), of London, by his 1st wife the late Sandra Le Roith (who d. Green Illustrated Family Tree Poster. 301 Albert Drive Pollokshields. He started selling his mother's handmade lace door-to-door and gradually headed north, settling in Glasgow. Sibling. Black Friday Offer – Save 25% off all imagery use code: BFALAMY25. The Ladbroke hotel business was later demerged to become Hilton. The present proprietor is Andros Stakis. 29 August 2001 by Samantha McClary. 6m in her will. Gather all of the information you have found and begin to organize it so that you can easily find what you need. Charlemagne denier (a silver coin) coined in Mainz from 812 to 814, today at the Cabinet des Médailles in Paris. [1] It was sold to Hilton Group in 2000 for £1. Applications by the Reo Stakis Organisation for a £500,000 hotel plan for Pollokshields, Glasgow, which were to have come before the city Licensing Court, were withdrawn on the eve of the court’s sitting. Reo is not a popular first name for men and an equally uncommon surname or last name for both men and women. Sir Reo was only 14 when he left his home in Cyprus in 1928 and headed for the UK - with just a suitcase full of lace goods. 1973), 1st and only surviving son of Richard Deacon Haddon, of Bideford, by his former wife the former Hon. [1] In 1983 the firm was bought by Sir Reo Stakis to complement the Haddows off-licence chain and wholesale business. He was born in Glasgow in October 1939, the eldest son of. Scrapbooking is not only super fun but it’s a great way to get your class’ creative juices flowing. Even if you are the first to add a specific ancestor to the shared tree, FamilySearch can show. There are currently 3 active directors according to the latest confirmation statement submitted on 20th December 2022. Free for commercial use High Quality Images. Add a meaning Cancel. Reo Stakis Limited, Kilbarchan . It describes his new restaurant venture, a risky enterprise in post war Britain and later his hotel and casino. Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love. Following the merger, many of the Stakis top personnel were retained by Hilton and took some of the senior positions within the company including Sir David Michels the. He started selling his mother's handmade lace door-to-door and gradually headed north, settling in Glasgow. The method allows for this number to be expanded to. The company registration number is SC475277, It’s main line of business activity is Management consultancy activities other. Original surname Ktistakis. Māori (Te Reo Māori) family: whāmere (family, household) whānau (extended family) ngare (family, kin, blood relatives, relations) parents: mātua (sg. Here you will have a small family tree, and then you will have a little question. All in all, it provides 33 boxes to write your family members’ names and birthdates. [1] The company was known for producing Beneagles blended Scotch whisky. Sir Reo Stakis, who had been unwell after suffering a stroke in June this year, died at 5. Draw a horizontal line connecting your mother and father. Picture: Contributed. (Argiros Anastasis) 1913 - 2001. Alexandre de Beauharnais1760–1794. Tekla. 1804–1814, 1815. Send an e-mail enquiry to Reo Stakis LimitedGenealogies is a database of tens of thousands of personal family trees, lineages, and other histories. Print length. By the 1940s, Stakis was involved in his first restaurant, the Victory in Glasgow, whose affordable prices began to change the way Scottish people dined out. 17 of the best food and drink advent calendars for 2023 - from gin and whisky to cheese. He began selling his mother's lace door-to-door and soon moved north to Glasgow. Stakis Hotels was a hotel company in the United Kingdom led by Sir Reo Stakis, headquartered in Glasgow. If you are an educator, a blank family tree template can also be a great tool to use in the classroom. There are currently 2 active directors according to the latest confirmation statement submitted on 1st March 2023. 29 August 2001 by Samantha McClary. * built up a multi-million pound UK hotels and leisure empire over more than 40 years before it was sold to the Hilton group in 1999. 13463 uses. News. Captions — Captions are especially important in a family history book. . It describes his new restaurant venture, a risky enterprise in post war Britain and later his hotel and casino. The Stakis. Best Family Tree Maker. Search for someone +Middle +Maiden. Green Brown Simple Cartoon Family Tree Poster. Reo Stakis dies. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person’s profile. Evros Stakis, the son of the late hotels magnate Sir Reo Stakis, is planning to open a chain of 80 day care nurseries across the UK. since 1880. Both Stakis and Forte oversaw huge expansion in their companies after going public. Follow the link to go to Family Tree and get started. Research genealogy for Peter J. The Stakis organisation was later sold to the Hilton group for £1. Research genealogy for Peter Stakis of Wisconsin, as well as other members of the Stakis family, on Ancestry®. Stakis Hotels was a hotel company in the United Kingdom led by Sir Reo Stakis, headquartered in Glasgow. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. All Family Trees results for Stakis. Show. Marie," said Laura Wotruba. Zachary Stavroulakis. ; founder of the Boring Company and xAI; co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI; and. He started selling his mother's handmade lace doortodoor and grMeaning of Reo; Classmate Finder; Find Family Tree; Free Dating Sites; Gender: Boy First Name 809 in the U. 3 beds, 2. Send the link to someone. An advert shared here by Lost Glasgow for Reo Stakis Olde Worlde Inns,also formerly located in Cumbernauld near the current Newlands Place in Seafar. You can add photos next to text boxes to create a fun photo family tree. Envision what it will look like and plan how much space you need to write each name and draw the necessary connections. 2 billion. An evening meal at Stakis saw punters dig in to prawn cocktails and steak - with a bottle of plonk replacing the tea pot. Experience supervisor reo stakis View calum’s full profile. Edinburgh-born Davey was then himself presented the Sir Reo Stakis Foundation Outstanding Achievement Award. See more at Thistlewood Farms. As things stand, the genes of 3,609 people from 215 populations have been sequenced, with some dating from more than 100,000 years ago. He was one of the great hoteliers in 20th-century British hospitality. A service to celebrate her life was held at her beloved St John’s Kirk, where she had been a long-time member and elder.